South Korea said today there was "very high" probability that North Korea, engaged in weeks of threats of war, would launch a medium-range missile at any time as a show of strength.
Foreign Minister Yun Byung-se said South Korea had asked China and Russia to intercede with the North.
Tension has mounted since the UN Security Council imposed fresh sanctions on North Korea after its third nuclear arms test in February.
But all was calm in the South Korean capital, Seoul, long used to North Korean invective under its 30-year-old leader Kim Jong-un.
Offices worked normally and customers crowded into city-centre cafes.
Other officials in Seoul said surveillance of North Korean activity had been enhanced.
Missile transporters had been spotted in South Hamgyong province along North Korea's east coast - a possible site for a launch.
North Korea observes several anniversaries in the next few days which could be pretexts for displays of military strength.
These include the first anniversary of Mr Kim's formal ascent to power, the 20th anniversary of rule by his father, Kim Jong-il, who died in 2011, and the anniversary, next Monday, of the birth of the young Kim's grandfather, state founder Kim Il-Sung.
The near-daily threats to South Korea and the United States of recent weeks were muted in the North's state media on Wednesday, with the focus largely on the upcoming festivities.
State television showed mass gatherings, including women in traditional flowing robes, listening to addresses, laying flowers at monuments and taking part in a culinary competition.
The North's KCNA news agency said people were "doing their best to decorate cities".
Another dispatch reported a "production upsurge" in the coal, steel, iron and timber industries, with figures showing a quarterly plan set by authorities had been "overfulfilled".
In Washington, Admiral Samuel Locklear, the commander of US forces in the Pacific region, said the US military believed North Korea had moved an unspecified number of Musudan missiles to its east coast.
The trajectory of the missile, if launched, is unclear as the North has failed to inform international bodies - as it did in previous instances - of the path it is expected to take.
But it is unlikely to be aimed directly at the South.
The Musudan has a range of 3,500km or more, according to South Korea, which would put Japan within range and may even threaten Guam, home to US bases.
South Korea can be reached by the North's short-range Scud missiles.
Foreign Minister Yun told a parliamentary hearing: "According to intelligence obtained by our side and the US, the possibility of a missile launch by North Korea is very high."
North Korea, he said, could launch a Musudan missile "at any time from now".
The US-South Korea Combined Forces Command in Seoul raised its "Watchcon 3" status, a normal condition, by one level to boost monitoring and increase the number of intelligence staff, a senior military official told the South's Yonhap news agency.
Yonhap also reported that South Korea, which has not joined a US-led global missile defence system, was planning to develop a system of its own.
It quoted an unidentified senior military official as saying this would involve early warning radars, ship-to-air and land-based systems, to be used in conjunction with US early warning satellites.
Mr Yun said he was coordinating with China and Russia "to make efforts to persuade North Korea to change its attitude".
China is North Korea's sole major ally, although its influence over the North is open to question and Beijing has, in any event, endorsed the new sanctions.
Russia backed North Korea in Soviet times, though its influence has waned.
A Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman issued a fresh appeal for restraint and said nothing about any possible effort to bring about a change in the North's policy.
Patricia Lewis, research director at the London-based Chatham House, said that strictly on the basis of the North's vast conventional forces, caution was required.
"The conventional military capabilities of North Korea are all too real and all too close to Seoul," she wrote in a paper.
"Any incursion could escalate involving the US and Japan, China, perhaps Russia and others."
The North has tested short-range Scud missiles. The longer-range Musudan and Nodong missiles are an unknown quantity.
"If the missile was in defence of the homeland, I would certainly recommend that action [of intercepting it]. And if it was defence of our allies, I would recommend that action," Mr Locklear told a Senate hearing in Washington.
North Korea has threatened a nuclear strike on the United States - something it does not have the capacity to carry out - and "war" with "puppet" South Korea - threats that appear to be aimed at least in part at boosting internal support for Mr Kim.
The North is also angry about weeks of joint South Korean-US military exercises. About 28,000 US forces are permanently based in South Korea.
US Secretary of State John Kerry visits Seoul this week.
Yesterday, the North told foreigners in South Korea to leave to avoid being dragged into a "thermonuclear war".
It previously warned diplomats in Pyongyang to prepare to leave.
The North closed a money-spinning industrial park it operates with South Korean companies this week, putting at risk a venture that is one of its few sources of hard cash.
Officials said 292 South Koreans remained in the complex just inside the North Korean border, apparently waiting for clarification over the North's plans.
In China's northeast region of Dandong, tour operators said they had been told by authorities to halt overland tourism to North Korea and some tourists were turned away.
Other tours, including those involving air travel, were operating as usual.
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